Richard von Mises did seminal work on the philosophical foundations of probability in terms of long-run frequencies starting in the 1930s. This led to a series of attempts to revise his approach to fix problems, culminating in concepts of algorithmic randomness based on computability from Chaitin, Kolmogorov, Martin-Löf, etc.
Von Mises was also an engineer who is known for contributions to aerodynamics and solid mechanics.